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閱讀理解答題技巧

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導語:閱讀理解試題主要用來測試學生的閱讀速度、理解能力和記憶能力。有的採用一個句子,有的採用一段文 章或整篇文章。內容廣泛,題材各異。

閱讀理解答題技巧

以題目的難易程度分析,人們常常把它們分爲表層理解和深層理解。所謂表層理解就是對文中的客觀事實 的感知和記憶,深層理解是根據文中的客觀事實,在認真思考後進行邏輯推理、總結或概括,得出結論,或從 上下文、字裏行間悟出文中沒有直接表達出來的而可能存在的和必然的結果來。

 以題材或體裁論,大致有下述幾種:

(1)記敘文(故事、人物小傳、新聞報導、史地知識介紹等)。

(2)說明文(科普文章、說明書等)。

(3)論說文(有關政治、經濟、社會各方面的論述)。

(4)應用文(書信、廣告、通知等)。

做閱讀理解時要注意以下幾點:

1.要判斷出所給文章的類別,根據各類文章的性質,在開始閱讀後有意識地着重去掌握和記住某些關鍵的 內容和詞彙。這樣既抓住了要害,又節省了時間,避免了在若干細節及無關全局的問題上糾纏,初中階段,碰 到的主要是記敘文。如果是故事或傳記,就應特別注意找出主要人物、事件發生的時間、地點、主要情節以及 最後結局。故事傳記主要是敘述主人公的主要特徵,他與其他重要人物之間的關係也應同時記住。新聞報導、 史地知識介紹,往往是一人一事地介紹,比故事、傳記要簡單,但也離不開記敘文的基本特點,對於上述要求 它們同樣適用。而新聞報導特別強調時間性、準確性,因此要搞清時間、地點和數字。

2.解題時不要邊看問題邊從文中查找答案,因爲用這種方法難以提高閱讀理解的效果,尤其是對於深層理 解的文章。應瀏覽全文,瞭解全文的概貌。看完後,應記住文章的要點,重要的結論以及一些關鍵性的人名、 地點、定義和數字(不同的人名、地點可用鉛筆在試卷上分別打上不同的記號,以便查找)。

3.要注意找出主題句,利用主題句來查找有關信息。一般說來,論述性較強的文章或說明文,每一段或相 關的幾段裏總有一句話是主題句。讀了主題句後,便能知道這一段大致的中心內容,因爲主題句概括了全段的 主要內容,而該段其餘的句子則是用來闡述或說明主題句的。

4.一定要掌握好解題速度,有效地控制考試時間,先易後難是考試時答題的一般方法。碰到難題時,千萬 不要鑽牛角尖,耽誤太多時間。一時做不出的題,要果斷捨棄,以免影響解別的較有把握的題。待全部題解完 後,如有剩餘時間再回來做放棄的題。

5.對於一般不影響句子或全文理解的生詞,可以放過去,不必務求理解。遇到重要生詞時,不要着急,也 不要輕易放棄,我們可以採取根據上下文來猜詞或根據構詞法來猜詞等方法來猜出這個詞的大致意思。

6.有的學生要用“順讀法”,就是先讀短文後讀題目,然後再讀短文尋找正確答案。有的學生採用“倒讀 法”,就是先讀題目(四個選項不讀)後讀短文,最後尋找答案。我比較贊成“倒讀法”,因爲這種閱讀方法 是帶着問題閱讀,目的明確,容易集中,能及時抓住文中與解題關係密切的信息,從而節省了閱讀時間。“倒 讀法”對錶層理解的題目(提問時間、地點、原因等)效果最好,對深層理解的題目,要從短文的整體內容出 發,進行概括和總結,分析所提供選項,作出準確的判斷。

總之,解答這類題的中心步驟就是閱讀,既要閱讀短文,又要閱讀題目。閱讀時要注意閱讀技巧,提高閱 讀效率。在做到以上幾點的基礎上,就可以對文章後面所給的問題,分別用“一次判斷”、“逐個分析”以及 “排除法”等方式來進行判斷解答了。

 實例分析:

  一、單句理解方面

We arrived too late to get good seats.

we arrived,the good seats were already taken.

were late,but we found some good seats.

got good seats some time after we arrived.

had to stand for the whole show.

分析與答案:所給句子的`意思是“我們到達太晚了而沒能坐上好位子”。而這四個選項的句意分別是:A. 當我們到達時,好位子已被別人佔了;B.我們去晚了,但是我們找到一些好位子;C.我們到達後的一段時間才 坐上好位子;D.整個演出時間我們不得不站着。由此可見,選項A更接近所給句子的意思,因而選項A是正確答 案或最佳答案。

二、語篇理解方面

  1.試用“倒讀法”解下面各題:

(1 )The great ship, "Titanic "set off from Englandto______.

ralia USA

ia pe

(2)People then thought it was safe to be on the shipbecause__________.

had 16 compartments

had more lifeboats than other ships

could not sink even if 4 compartments wore broken

A and C

(3)The ship was hit_______.

it started to cross the sea

a very large iceberg was suddenly seen ahead

after it turned quickly on time

after it had crossed the sea

(4)About 1,500 people were dead because________.

ship was the largest and finest

B.4 of those compartments were broken

reds of people jumped out into the water

e were not enough lifeboats

(5)Which is the best title(標題)for the passage (短文)?

Does the "Titanic"Go Down?

Was the Great Ship Sinking?

Sinking of the "Titanic"

Sinking of a Ship

分析與答案:利用倒讀的方法,我們可以從(1)到(4)中迅速瞭解到the ship "Titanic"從英國航行到 某地去,爲什麼那麼多人喪生等。在閱讀短文時,很快就能抓住有關信息,輕而易舉地找出正確答案(分別是 B、D、C、D)。短文如下:

The great ship, "Titanic" (泰坦尼克號), set off forAmerica in April 1912 on its first

was carrying morethan 2,000 people.

The "Titanic"was the largest and finest ship at that le thought it was safe to be on the ship because it had16 compartments(密封艙)with it. Even if(即使是)4 of thosewere b roken,it would still be able to stay on the sea.

Four days later,when the "Titanic" was crossing the sea,the man on watch suddenly saw a v ery large iceberg ahead. Thegreat ship turned quickly on time,but before long there was asound from captain went down to see what was his surprise,he found the sh ip was sinking fastbecause 5 compartments had been broken! Hundreds of peoplejumped out i nto the there were not enough lifeboats,about 1,500 lives were lost.

(5)是問短文的最好標題的,屬於深層理解, 當你讀了短文就會明白最好的標題不是A(Titanic是如何 下去的),也不是B (這艘大船是如何正在下沉的),也不是D(一隻船的下沉),而是C (“Titanic”號沉 船事件)。

 2.利用“順讀法”,解下列各題:

James Watt(詹姆斯·瓦特)and the Kettle(水壺)

James Watt was an English liked to ask questionsand was always thinking hard.

One day he was sitting in the kitchen(廚房)with e he saw a kettle on the stove(爐子)。

Soon steam began to rise out of the kettle, and the lidwas shaking.

"Grandma,what's in the kettle?"he asked.

"Water,my ing but water."

"But I know there is something pushes the lid up."

"Oh,that's only steam."

"How does the steam get under the lid?"

"It comes from the hot water."

The boy said to himself."The steam must be very strong. Itcan push there is more w ater,the steam will be muchstronger."

Many years later James Watt tried hard and succeeded inmaking steam work for people. Hegave the world its firststeam engine(發動機).

Ⅰ the word from this story according to the phrases.

1)a thing for boiling water:k________

2)a thing in which fire burning for warming or cooking:s________

3)movable(可移動的)cover for opening:I_________

4)gain(收穫)what one is trying to do:s_________

5)use force on something to make it move away:p_________

Ⅱrding to the story,choose the correct answer:

1)James Watt was from_________.

ica ralia

and any

2)There was________on the stove.

A.a basin B.a kettle

C.a jar D.a pan

3)Grandma told little Watt why the lid of the kettle wasup and was because________ ___.

stream pushed it

boy moved it

lid moved itself

one came and did it

4)Many years later Watt invented________.

first sewing machine

first computer

first bike

first steam engine

5)James Watt was_________.

A.a famous writer B.a famous driver

C.a famous scientist D.a famous musician

分析與答案:題1也是做閱讀理解的常見題, 先把所給的詞組或短語意思弄清,然後從短文中找單詞就不 難了。1 )意爲“燒開水的工具”,這就是kettle。2)意爲“能在其中燃燒用以取暖或燒飯的東西”,這就是 stove。3)意爲“能打開並可移動的東西”,這就是lid。4)意爲“通過努力去做而取得的收穫”,這就是su cceed。5)意爲“在某物上用力使其移動”,這就是push。

Ⅱ)1)選C。短文中第一句話就告訴我們詹姆斯·瓦特是個英國人。

2)選B。答案A是盆,C是個罐子,D則是平底鍋,根據短文只能選B。

3)選A。短文中的奶奶告訴瓦特蒸汽來自熱水。壺蓋的上下波動的力既不是瓦特做的,也不是有人進來動 的,更不可能是壺蓋自己產生的力動的。

4)選D。瓦特發明的是蒸汽機,所以我們要選擇D答案。

5)選C。通過短文告訴我們瓦特是個著名的科學家。